Cloning :: essays research papers

CloningWhat is a Clone?A clone is a group of genetically identical cells. For example, tumors are clones of cells inside an beingness because they withdraw of many another(prenominal) replicas of one mutated cell. Another type of clone occurs inside a cell. Such a clone is made up of groups of identical structures that take hold genetic solid, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. Some of these structures, called plasmids, are found in some bacteria and barms. Techniques of genetic engineering enable scientists to combine an zoology or plant gene with a bacterial or barm plasmid. By re-create such a plasmid, geneticists can produce many identical copies of the gene.Uses of Cloning seekers said the copy of animal(prenominal)s, especially those that induce been genetically modified in certain ways, could befuddle a number of medical, agricultural, and industrial applications. For example, copy could result in the mass production of genetically modified cattle that sec rete valuable drugs into their milk. But the clone of animals indicated that it might in like manner be possible to clone humans. Much of the public expressed standoff toward the prospect of human cloning, and some politicians vowed to outlaw it. Its proponents, however, saw human cloning as a way to help people, such as by allowing infertile couples to have children.Early Scientific Experiments of Cloning Scientists have pertinacious been intrigued by the possibility of artificially cloning animals. In fact, people have know since ancient times that just just cutting them into cardinal break ups can clone some invertebrates, such as earthworms and starfish. Each contribution grows into a complete beingness. The cloning of vertebrates (animals with back bones) is much more uncorrectable to clone. The first step in the cloning the complex organisms (vertebrates) came in the 1950s with experiments through on frogs.In 1952, Robert Briggs and Thomas King, biologists at the Insti tute for Cancer question (now the Fox Chase Cancer Center) in Philadelphia, developed a cloning method called nuclear transplantation, or nuclear transfer, which was first proposed in 1938 by the German scientist Hans Spemann. In this method, the nucleus--the cellular structure that contains most of the genetic temporal and that controls growth and development--is removed from an egg cell of an organism, a procedure know as enucleation. The nucleus from a body cell of another organism of the same species is then placed into the enucleated egg cell. Nurtured by the nutrients in the remain part of the egg cell, an embryo (an organism prior to birth) begins growing.Cloning essays inquiry papers CloningWhat is a Clone?A clone is a group of genetically identical cells. For example, tumors are clones of cells inside an organism because they populate of many replicas of one mutated cell. Another type of clone occurs inside a cell. Such a clone is made up of groups of identical stru ctures that contain genetic material, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. Some of these structures, called plasmids, are found in some bacteria and yeasts. Techniques of genetic engineering enable scientists to combine an animal or plant gene with a bacterial or yeast plasmid. By cloning such a plasmid, geneticists can produce many identical copies of the gene.Uses of CloningResearchers said the cloning of animals, especially those that have been genetically modified in certain ways, could have a number of medical, agricultural, and industrial applications. For example, cloning could result in the mass production of genetically modified cattle that secrete valuable drugs into their milk. But the cloning of animals indicated that it might as well as be possible to clone humans. Much of the public expressed standoff toward the prospect of human cloning, and some politicians vowed to outlaw it. Its proponents, however, saw human cloning as a way to help people, such as by allowing infertile couples to have children.Early Scientific Experiments of Cloning Scientists have farseeing been intrigued by the possibility of artificially cloning animals. In fact, people have known since ancient times that just just cutting them into devil pieces can clone some invertebrates, such as earthworms and starfish. Each piece grows into a complete organism. The cloning of vertebrates (animals with back bones) is much more tricky to clone. The first step in the cloning the complex organisms (vertebrates) came in the 1950s with experiments do on frogs.In 1952, Robert Briggs and Thomas King, biologists at the Institute for Cancer Research (now the Fox Chase Cancer Center) in Philadelphia, developed a cloning method called nuclear transplantation, or nuclear transfer, which was first proposed in 1938 by the German scientist Hans Spemann. In this method, the nucleus--the cellular structure that contains most of the genetic material and that controls growth and development--is removed from an egg cell of an organism, a procedure known as enucleation. The nucleus from a body cell of another organism of the same species is then placed into the enucleated egg cell. Nurtured by the nutrients in the be part of the egg cell, an embryo (an organism prior to birth) begins growing.