Lead Toxicity: Its Effects on Fetal and Infant Development Essay

deal Toxicity Its Effects on foetal and infant tuitionLead toxicity has been an area of unending question in recent years. There have been positive and negative correlational statisticss relating its toxic effects to both child developmental deficiencies and bounteous retroflexion problems. This review will focus on the problems associated with the children. It will discuss mingled routes of entry of lead into the childs system, both prenatally and postnatally, the mechanisms diligent by lead to cause the dysfunctions, and some of the neurological deficits believed to be caused by the lead exposure. The development of a child begins in utero and continues hobby stand thus both of these time frames must be examined as viable periods of lead intoxication. During development, the foetus is at the mercy of its puzzle. If the mother has uplifted stemma lead levels during pregnancy, the developing fetus will have the same. This is callable to the omit of a trans transpla cental barrier to lead. Thus, the maternal levels are systematically fitting to fetal levels throughout pregnancy. The mode of transport is not distinctly understood. However, it has been suggested that it is a matter of simple dispersal for several reasons (1). First, is the close duodecimal affinity between maternal and fetal declivity lead levels. Second, is the by experimentation imitate linear relationship between the transfer of lead from the mother to the fetus and the umbilical blood scat rate. An increase in blood flow rate coupled with the increase surface area of the placental barrier, 2 m2 to 11 m2, over the gestational period increases the transplacental diffusion (1). With this propose correlation in mind, it then becomes important to discuss manageable sources of increased mater... ...991 13 203-211. 4.Bressler, J. P. and Goldstein, G.W. Mechanisms of Lead Toxicity. Biochemical Pharmacology. 1991 41 479-84. 5. Dietrich, K. N. Human fetal Lead pic Intraut erine Growth, Maturation, and Postnatal Neurobehavioral Development. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. 1991 16 17-19. 6. Bellinger, D., Leviton, A., and Sloman, J. Antecedents and Correlates of better Cognitive Performance in Children Exposed in Utero to embarrassed Levels of Lead. environmental Health Perspectives. 1990 89 5-11. 7. Bhattacharya, A., Shukla, R., Bornschein, R. L., et.al. Lead Effects on postural commensurateness of Children. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1990 89 35-42. 8. Ernhart, C. B. and Greene, T. Low-Level Lead Exposure in the Prenatal and Early Preschool Periods Language Development. Archives of Environmental Health. 1990 45 342-354. Lead Toxicity Its Effects on Fetal and Infant Development EssayLead Toxicity Its Effects on Fetal and Infant DevelopmentLead toxicity has been an area of unending research in recent years. There have been positive and negative correlations relating its toxic effects to both child developmental deficiencies and adult regression problems. This review will focus on the problems associated with the children. It will discuss various routes of entry of lead into the childs system, both prenatally and postnatally, the mechanisms employed by lead to cause the dysfunctions, and some of the neurological deficits believed to be caused by the lead exposure. The development of a child begins in utero and continues following birth thus both of these time frames must be examined as possible periods of lead intoxication. During development, the fetus is at the mercy of its mother. If the mother has high blood lead levels during pregnancy, the developing fetus will have the same. This is due to the lack of a transplacental barrier to lead. Thus, the maternal levels are consistently equal to fetal levels throughout pregnancy. The mode of transport is not clearly understood. However, it has been suggested that it is a matter of simple diffusion for several reasons (1). First, is the close quantitative relationship between maternal and fetal blood lead levels. Second, is the experimentally modeled linear relationship between the transfer of lead from the mother to the fetus and the umbilical blood flow rate. An increase in blood flow rate coupled with the increased surface area of the placental barrier, 2 m2 to 11 m2, over the gestational period increases the transplacental diffusion (1). With this direct correlation in mind, it then becomes important to discuss possible sources of increased mater... ...991 13 203-211. 4.Bressler, J. P. and Goldstein, G.W. Mechanisms of Lead Toxicity. Biochemical Pharmacology. 1991 41 479-84. 5. Dietrich, K. N. Human Fetal Lead Exposure Intrauterine Growth, Maturation, and Postnatal Neurobehavioral Development. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. 1991 16 17-19. 6. Bellinger, D., Leviton, A., and Sloman, J. Antecedents and Correlates of Improved Cognitive Performance in Children Exposed in Utero to Low Levels of Lead. Environmental Health Perspect ives. 1990 89 5-11. 7. Bhattacharya, A., Shukla, R., Bornschein, R. L., et.al. Lead Effects on Postural Balance of Children. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1990 89 35-42. 8. Ernhart, C. B. and Greene, T. Low-Level Lead Exposure in the Prenatal and Early Preschool Periods Language Development. Archives of Environmental Health. 1990 45 342-354.