Enviornmental Catastrophes :: essays research papers

Many people throughout the world deal with environmental destruction. Whether it is natural or man created, both end in sudden calamities. An example of a natural catastrophe is the 1997 Red River Flood in Grand Forks, North Dakota. One of the unique aspects of the Red River is that it flows North and empties into the lake Winnepeg in Canada. However, since temperature tends to cross colder the farther north you get, ice-jamming is often a concern of the Red River during the spring season. The National Weather Service began putting out warnings as early as February that a flood due to the spring melt was likely to occur. Due to Grand Forks harsh winter that consisted of a cruel blizzard, the amount of snow melts exceeded. In an effort to prevent the flood, the North Dakota National Guard dumped sand on the river in hopes to use the suns thermal energy to speed up the thawing and rule in the ice-jams. Unable to control the excessive water the flood of the century began. On April 18 , 1997, the Red Rivers water level was at 52.19 ft high and had move at a rate of an inch each hour following. The flood began to take out areas of the city one by one, and people with what little possessions the could hitch had to evacuate immediately. After six days of flooding the river finally began to recede and people were allowed to return. The amount of filth left behind from the flood was incredible. Much of the billet had been destroyed and basically everything else had been contaminated by the water. Everything that was washed out by the water turned into trash and many had to start all over again. The post-flood reave up that was taken to the dump totaled 224 million ton, which is usually nine months of garbage.An example of a man-created catastrophe is the Tragedy of the World Trade Centers. September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on America had a big effect on New York City environment, and the political and emotional landscapes of the United States. This will be reme mbered as one of the most(prenominal) shocking days in American history. Armed terrorists hijacked four passenger jets and used them as weapons against the U.S.. The attacks destroyed the World Trade Center, damaged the Pentagon and killed three g-force people. The cleanup was a very emotional and strenuous effort by fire fighters, policeman and many volunteers.

Aunt Jennifers Tigers by Adrienne Rich Essay -- Aunt Jennifers Tiger

Aunt Jennifers Tigers by Adrienne replete Who is Aunt Jennifer? Does she even exist? I had to look at myself these questions before even going further into the poesy. The answers opened the door to a deeper meaning behind Aunt Jennifers Tigers. Based on Adrienne Richs background I suppose Aunt Jennifer did exist. However, Aunt Jennifer was not Richs aunt. Aunt Jennifer represented women all over the world, particularly women in American, who were caught under the oppressive hand of a patriarchal society. Adrienne Rich was perhaps one of those women. Rich, one of the most influential poets of her time, dealt with controversial issues such as sexuality, race, language, power, and womens culture. Her passion in this area forced her to look and challenge the modular and the norm. The popular clich that refers to marriage as that old ball and chain takes on a more serious meaning with Rich as she reveals, through the elementary lines of Aunt Jennifers Tigers, a womans struggles with expression, rebellion, and a society where power is defined as manful.Aunt Jennifers Tigers by Adrienne RichAunt Jennifers Tigers prance across a screen, glistening topaz denizens of a world of green. They do not fear the men beneath the treeThey pace in sleek chivalric certainty. Aunt Jennifers fingers disturbance through her woolFind even the ivory needle hard to pull. The massive saddle of Uncles wedding bandSits heavily upon Aunt Jennifers hand. When Aunt Jennifer is dead, her terrified hands will lieStill ringed with ordeals she was mastered by.The tigers in the panel that she madeWill go on prancing, purple and unafraid. Rich begins her poem with a beautiful picture, setting the scene for the dream wo... ...it through masculine images. Those images were all she had ever known. Aunt Jennifer never got to see women standing strong and proud because they were simply women. She missed out on watching women become astronauts, businesswomen, artists, and policemen. The r eason her needlepoint went on prancing and proud and unafraid was because the needlepoint represented all things masculine and therefore, had nothing to fear.In the end, Adrienne Rich showed that Aunt Jennifer represented every woman of her time. Ironically enough, she rebels using the oppressors own language to feel a sense of triumph. Overwhelmed by gender roles, unable to communicate firsthand how they really felt, and torn between rebellion, expression, and society, Aunt Jennifer represses her fears and desires into the exotic tigers which go on living even after the weight of her world buries her.

Teaching Philosophy Statement :: Education Teachers Essays

Teaching Philosophy StatementChildren by nature are human sponges. They absorb information on many different levels, intellectually, emotionally, physically, etc. Their lives are mapped out by experiences, what they learn, and where they learn it. School is the first opportunity for children to learn, to experience, and to see where their lives are headed. All children have the in effect(p) to an education. One that focuses on their individual hires and an education that depart make them learn and feel good about themselves.School should always be challenging. Children need to understand that they are responsible for who they are and who they become. They need to be taught that trail is the beginning step to success. The more you learn and absorb the more power and opportunities you will have later in life. Between knowledge and self-esteem (that should be taught in schools), kids should be able to walk away from high school with the knowledge that they have developed and a hea d full of ideas on where to go from there. People as a society need to raise the bar on our educational standards. The teaching styles that were seen as exceptional in the 1950s should not be seen as exceptional today. Kids need to be taught that they can reach for the stars and beyond. Everyone is extra and with work can have the same opportunities as anyone else.Education is a tool that provides many aspects of erudition into a nicely gift-wrapped package. Education teaches skills that help children sustain from grade to grade but also from childhood into adulthood with acute readiness. Education is weighty not only for the knowledge that is obtained, but also for the measure it holds in todays society. Jobs are not as obtainable as they once were without some form of higher education. Education is also important because it brings people together. Families are able to communicate with more ease. Nations are able to trade and help in times of need. Learning is education and th e education of learning starts in the classroom.In my classroom I hope to accomplish all the textbook materials for the grade I am teaching so that my students may appear to the next grade level with ease. I also hope to accomplish new fun ways of teaching my students self-discipline and self-esteem. Teaching children at such(prenominal) a young age is crucial. I believe that early education teachers help to pave a students road through school and life.

Answering the Question in the Murder Mystery Essay -- Literature

A murder mystery is a type of disagreeable text or resolved suspense that follows a structure. The characters are following a plot structure, the evidence is following a reveal structure, and that will lead to a resolution. In closed texts, the murder is found, the mystery resolved, the ghost exposed as a mechanical illusion, or the lovers are able to consummate their love (Bennett 197). Almost all murder mysteries are considered closed texts because of the structure that the texts tend to follow. The novel has a victim that has been murdered. The victim has many possible murderers for many possible reasonsall equally valid, so it seems. The victim has a person trying to solve the case. Through various means of detection, the murderer is sought and found. So, the question of Who done it? is answered by a human character unremarkablyI am sure that animals have played the part of detective before. The murder mystery is closed, the victim has a murderer the murderer is cau ght, the world butt return to normal. This concept is the typical ideal of a closed text.As humans, we have a need to understand the world in which we live, which seems to be a common desire. The essential question of Why am I here?the most sought after answer in all of human being that has yet to be adequately answered has a similar question that typically can be answeredWho murdered the victim? Every human wants to have sex, at nigh point in time in his or her life, why he or she is here on this planet. Are we here to serve a drive are we here with no purpose or are we here to enjoy what insert your own deity or belief system has given. People want to know they are constantly searching for some answer to the question of Why?, as can ... ...s and Charles Simic. The American Scholar 74.2 (2005) 49-56.Kriner, Tiffany Eberle. Conjuring Hope in a Body Lucille Cliftons Eschatology. Christianity and Literature 54.2 (Winter 2005) 185-208.Lee, Li-Young. Rose Poems. Roches ter, New York BOA Editions, Ltd., 1986.Romanticism. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004. 12 Aug. 2008. .Simic, Charles. Sixty Poems. New York Harcourt, INC., 2007.Surrealism. Dictionary.com uncut (v 1.1). Random House, Inc. 12 Aug. 2008. .Transcendentalism. The American Heritage New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2005. 12 Aug. 2008. .

The Day My Music Died :: Personal Narrative, Autobiographical Essay

virtually memories never fade. Tucked away in the accordion file of our minds, some memories live forever. Some memories walk hand in hand with us to our six-foot retirement homes. And though it is true that some are great blessings, some memories scar the hopes, some memories deprave our dreams. In my heart I will always have a passion for music. The rhythm of the beat is the blood in my veins. I can underweight my eyes and hear the notes, tasting the sweet sound they leave on the top of my tongue. The sound of my soul, that reverberates inside the corridors of my heart. I feel empty without its presence, naked without the flowing cloth of sound. This is my life this is my true love. But love does not pay the bills, my father would say to me, loosening his tie and kicking off his leather shoes, those unwavering leather shoes. I like my sandals, I thought to myself, as I had so many times before. After all, thinking seems to be the only subject to do. I couldnt speak I couldnt put that replenishing sound into his heart. Hell, thinking was the only cure. It sure beat hearing another lecture on the myopia of my dreams. Really, I was tired of it all. Every time I tried to tell my father about the passion, the sheer energy that music provided for me, my words fell on deaf(p) ears. Listening, he would cross his arms and nod his head in that patronizing way. Soon, I could no longer distinguish the true meaning of any of my fathers gestures. In our home, a nod no longer meant yes a smile no longer meant happiness. As soon as my father realized that I was life-threatening about being a musician, his world and mine collided head on. Father always believed in the importance of politics. He lived his life based on the doctrine that it isnt what you do, but who you know that really matters in the world. I still cringe at the thought of such an idea. I was never the one to go aft(prenominal) people. I wasnt the type of person who you would interview when composing a How to Win Friends and Influence People book. If for some reason I didnt feel like grinning like a birthday boy upon making the acquaintance of a friend of my fathers, then that was that.

The Day My Music Died :: Personal Narrative, Autobiographical Essay

Some memories never fade. Tucked away in the accordion file of our minds, some memories live forever. Some memories walk hand in hand with us to our six-foot retirement homes. And though it is genuine that some are great blessings, some memories scar the hopes, some memories mar our dreams. In my heart I will always have a passion for music. The rhythm of the beat is the blood in my veins. I can close my eyes and hear the notes, gustatory sensation the sweet sound they leave on the top of my tongue. The sound of my soul, that reverberates inside the corridors of my heart. I feel empty without its presence, naked without the silken cloth of sound. This is my life this is my true love. But love does not pay the bills, my father would say to me, loosening his tie and kicking off his leather shoes, those tight leather shoes. I equal my sandals, I thought to myself, as I had so many clock times before. After all, thinking seems to be the only thing to do. I couldnt speak I couldnt put that replenishing sound into his heart. Hell, thinking was the only cure. It sure beat hearing another lecture on the myopia of my dreams. Really, I was tired of it all. Every time I tried to tell my father about the passion, the sheer energy that music provided for me, my words fell on deaf ears. Listening, he would cross his weaponry and nod his head in that patronizing way. Soon, I could no longer distinguish the true meaning of any of my fathers gestures. In our home, a nod no longer meant yes a smile no longer meant happiness. As soon as my father realized that I was serious about being a musician, his world and mine collided head on. Father always believed in the importance of politics. He lived his life based on the philosophy that it isnt what you do, but who you know that truly matters in the world. I still cringe at the thought of such an idea. I was never the one to go after people. I wasnt the type of psyche who you would interview when composing a How to Win Friends and Influence People book. If for some reason I didnt feel like grinning like a birthday boy upon making the acquaintance of a friend of my fathers, then that was that.

Big Time Sports Essay

Big conviction sports in colleges ar governed by guidelines and regulations. These sports are mostly in campuses and colleges. Big quantify sports shadow sometime lead to violent behaviour and undeserving behaviour, which are morally questionable. Most athletics can start using alcohol or drugs as incentives so that they can be able to practice for long hours without getting tired. These college athletes want to be the beat during tournament hence they will do everything possible to fulfill the goals, targets of the team. The doers want to be selected because only the competitive and gifted role players make the team.In tournament you will find that violent behaviour is undergo in the field and university principles like discipline are undermined. Big time sports have its vices. Lack of discipline is one of them. Lack of discipline is constant secure by the team players but the campus or colleges can avoid this and as a penalty to the players who misbehave they should not be allowed to play for the team until they are disciplined. Big time sports have been commercialized by the colleges and campus that enter in them because they compete with professional players.Many institutions end up using a clustering of resources financially to build big stadiums. These can sometime lead to corruptions as sport grants and aid to these colleges and campus do not follow a procedure. Big time sports have programs, which govern the sports in the campuses and colleges. These programs do not receive a positive public exposure due to recruitment scandals, favourism based on sexual urge issues, other students who participate in the sports end up performing badly academically, which is not good for the college.Colleges compete against each other between high-pitchedly accomplished teams of students halting scholarships. (Murray, 70) Big time sports can lead to conflict between academic performance and athletics. Colleges and campuses offering courses in liberal arts a nd sports have shown that the students who participate in college sports do not do well academically. This has led to college to tag the students in the graduation list who participate in college sports so as to equalise them with the other students who dont participate in sports. (Murray, 70)Big time sports cannot be successful if it wasnt for the role the coaches play in these college sports. The coaches train the students with talent because they know the success of the team depends on the athletes talent. So if it is nurtured well, the more successful the team will be. If the team players are good that will reflect on how well the coach is because they learn from him as he guides them. Big time sports open opportunities. Most players are discovered while still in high school hence if recruitment is done properly the most talented players are got easily.Recruitment plays a major role in the success of a team taking into consideration that the team has competitive players hence s takes are set high for new players because if one is a good player possibility of being bought by a sport body to play for them are high. Other players are bought while still in high school, which can make them not finish high school, which is not right. High school athletes have to follow guidelines. Official visits are limited due to costs and if the player decides to have an official visit, it will be at his own expense. Big time sports have benefits to both colleges and campus and the players.These sports in terms of cost, consume a push-down list of resources in the campus budget. At the end, regardless of the high cost, when the colleges win in the college sport, there is usually an increase in application of students who want to join the college, donations in any case increase, teamwork is deepen among the players, opposing teams are besides united especially during the tournaments and lastly, it attracts athletes from diverse background. (Murray, 70) Big time sports are g overned by guidelines and procedures. Due to technology, talented athletes are spotted as yet before they get to college and recruitment starts.They start the recruitment process by viewing the videotapes of applicants, dossiers, transcripts, which they sort. The ones short-listed are met in person. The final list is submitted to the admission office and also those who are academically qualified are admitted. The colleges also have committees to answer questions about college sports or any issue related to it. Issues to do with recruitment, complains and corruption, are also looked into by the committee. Works Cited Page Murray, S. College Sports, Inc. The Athletic Department vs. the University. Henry Holt & Company. 1990.

The Handmaid’s Tale – Margaret Atwood – Consider the way Atwood presents Professor Pieixoto’s conference speech in the’Historical Notes’

The anti-utopian novel, The Handmaids Tale, tells the futuristic fabrication of Offred, a Handmaid of the oppressive Gileadean regime, a society immune to any form of external ferment and governed by an elite. It is the Historical Notes at the end of the novel that help the reader to put one womans autobiographical record into historical spot by acting as an epilogue to the tarradiddle of Offred.Although non part of Offreds story, the notes are part of the novel, working as an essential supplement to the story in a anticipate to answer some of the many unanswered questions evoked throughout the novel. The notes stand as a framework with which one buns use to reflect on Offreds narrative from a point in the distant approaching, where Gilead is long gone, along with completely of the main characters of story.The Historical Notes are a transcript of a approach pattern held in 2195, two-hundred years after(prenominal) Offreds existence, taking place at the University of Denay , Nunavit in Arctic Canada. The symposium is lead by a male archivist from the University of Cambridge figured professor Pieixoto, proving the notes to be of a view from outside of America. The introduction to the main text of the notes is light, whilst prefacing the main speaker, along with the works for which he is recognised.The main work for which he is recognised is that entitled Iran and Gilead deuce Late-Twentieth-Century Monotheocracies, as Seen Through Diaries, Iran being a country that imposed severe restrictions on the freedom of women and so has a direct link to Gilead. It is ironic that Iran and the unify States are famous enemies yet impose similar restrictions upon their sight. The name of the university has great signifi massce for the reader as although its set in one of the first aboriginal self-governing territory in Canada, Denay Nunavit is as well as a pun of Deny none of it, in reference to the story as told by Offred.It is through this forgather on word s by Atwood, that the reader is advised to believe Offreds story, whatever explanations or misinterpretations may be offered by the professors, in the Historical Notes. The Chair of the assembly is a woman professor called Maryann Cresent Moon, her name indicating that she is a member of the Native people, along with her associate professor Johnny Running Dog, suggesting that both women and Native people have substantial status at this point in the future.She begins the conference by addressing the students with notices about several other mouths and expeditions taking place, and the reader can grasp that the fact the students go on nature walks and can eat fish, Arctic Char, from the sea, suggests an unpolluted environment contrasting that of Gilead. Professor Cresent Moon goes on to introduce the succeeding speaker, prefacing him along with his work, allowing Professor Pieixoto to then take the stand.Although this epilogue is set two hundred years in the future, it is through h er speech that the Professor Cresent Moon reveals that the society of 2195 is more than familiar to the society of today than the times of Gilead. However, there are also subtle differences to our society, as primarily, the culture that is presented in the future is characterised by non-Caucasian cultures seemingly studying Caucasian culture, the evidence provided through the names of the professors giving talks, such as Professor Gopal Chatterjee and Professor Johnny Running Dog.Traditionally, westerly academia has been characterised by Caucasians studying anthropology, eastern philosophy and eastern religions and so much of the beginning section of the notes, spoken by Professor Cresent Moon, hints a dotty ridicule of current academic practice by Atwood. Despite the advances in non-Caucasian academia, the male perspective of the Professor Pieixoto is typical of the historical male dominance and perspective in academic research and seemingly, its through his seminar that Atwood satirises the methodology and manners of a male academic historian.Professor Pieixotos jokes about tail and Frailroads, instead of Femaleroads, have a sexist tone, indicating that sexist attitudes have not changed in the two hundred years that have passed since Offreds time. It is in this context that the nature of the professors name has meaning as Atwood got the name Pieixoto from a Brazilian novel where it is the name of a character who continually is reincarnated in the same form.It is here that Professor Pieixoto demonstrates the same masculinist characteristics as those who created the Gilead regime, who had modelled themselves on the disused Testament patriarchs. Pieixoto starts by locating a historical context for Offreds story and goes on to tell his audience that the tale, later titled The Handmaids Tale in tribute to Geoffrey Chaucers Canterbury Tales, came in the form of thirty cassette tapes that were discovered in Maine, in a sealed army footlocker near what used to b e the Underground Femaleroad.We are told that from each one of the tapes began with several songs, as camouflage, no doubt, in revision to disguise the nature of the recordings and that the same voice speaks on all of the recordings. Pieixoto also discusses the difficulties in reconstructing the narrative as the tapes were not numbered nor arranged in any particular order, along with the problems associated with the speakers old-fashioned accent. Therefore, the professors transcribing the story had to guess the intended chronology of the tapes and this provides an explanation for the interrupted structure of the narrative.For all of Pieixotos detailed account of how he came about Offreds story, he seems to lack concern for Offred as an individual and is more concerned in implementing the authenticity of her tale and its cost as impartial historical evidence. He seemingly avoids the moral issues raised by Offred, claiming our job is not to censure but to understand and most obviou sly, he is more interested in establishing the identity of her Commander than Offred herself.Surprisingly, Pieixoto cautions his patrons against judging the Gileadean regime too severely, as judgements on events in history are culture-specific. Furthermore, he seems to judge to justify the establishment of Gilead by claiming that it was under a large amount of pressure due to the rapidly declining birth rate and environmental depravity. Pieixoto goes on to talk about the falling birth rate, elaborating on the reasons that caused it such as abortion, birth control, sexually transmitted diseases and also miscarriages that resulted from exposure to nuclear waste.Using the Bible as a justification, he explains how Gilead rounded up a collection of fertile women by pronouncing all second marriages and non-marital relationships illegal, confiscating the children of these relationships and allowing the women to take on the role of walking wombs. Similarly, Pieixoto clarifies of how Gilead follow the regime of what he calls simultaneous polygamy rather than serial polygamy, taking inspiration from the Biblical story of Rachel and Leah. Pieixoto explains that similarly to all new systems, Gilead drew on the aside for inspiration in creating its ideology.Specifically, he mentions the racial strains that troubled pre-Gileadean America, which Gilead embodied in its main principles, and later talks of how the idea of dumping more than one shipload of Jews into the Atlantic Ocean was one of the ideas dreamt up by one of the two possible Commanders of Offred. It is here that Pieixoto talks of his and his fellow Professor Wades interest in identifying the beginning of the tape, but due to her name being concealed by the Gileadean patronym, hes unable to tell the reader anything new about Offred, her life before, within or after the Gileadean regime.However, it is noticeable to the reader than Pieixoto is more interested in identifying the Commander of Offred, as perhaps by discovering his identity and more about him, he can so do the same for Offred. After attempting to research the names used by Offred in her story, after having no leads, Pieixoto comes to the conclusion that the names such as Moira, Luke and Janine must have been pseudonyms, in order to protect those that she loved.The two possibilities that Pieixoto offers as the Commanders intent identities are Frederick Waterford and B. Frederick Judd, both men leaders of the early Gileadean regime and instrumental figures in the structuring and establishment of Gilead. He runs through what both men contributed to Gilead, starting with Frederick Waterford, revealing that he was responsible for the design of the female costumes and came up with the idea that the Handmaids should be brand by the colour red.He was also responsible for some of the names of the events practiced in Gilead, such as Particution and Salvaging, taking his inspiration from events in the past, along with the design for the Handmaids costume, which resembled the uniforms of German prisoners of war during WW2. Judd on the other hand is credited with devising the form of the Particution ceremony, rather than the name, and proposed the idea that the Handmaids should be governed by women as he believed that the best and most cost-effective way to control women for reproductive and other purposes was through women themselves.He was also responsible for the dumping of the Jews into the ocean. Although both were childless, there is more evidence to support Frederick Waterford in being Offreds Commander as although his wife wasnt called Serena Joy or Pam, but instead Thelma, he was into market research and was involved in one of the earliest purges of Gilead after being accused of being in possession of heretical pictorial and literary materials, as well as harbouring a subversive.However, although all of this evidence points towards him, Pieixoto explains that because historical details of Gilead are few due to the fact that the destruction of records was a regular practice during the purge, its unlikely that they can be certain of her identity of her Commander as Frederick Waterford. Pieixoto concludes on the note that the final fate of Offred is unknown, and that she may have been recaptured, reached Canada or could have even make her way to England.What he notes as surprising is that if she did escape to Canada or England, why she didnt make her story public, although he recognises that Offred may have wanted to protect what family and friends she had left. However, the said(prenominal) subversive is thought to be Nick, a member of both the Eyes and the Mayday movement, and that the men he called in at the end of the novel were sent in order to rescue Offred. The final sentence of the speech, Are there any questions? thereby invites the reader to question the issues raised, having heard the two opposite perspectives, by Offreds narrative and the addendum of the Historical Note s. It is at this point that the novel undertakes a moral tone, typical of dystopian literature. The Historical Notes alter the readers perspective of Offred and her tale, as it can be recognised that she is no longer a living human but an anonymous voice. It appears to the reader that Professor Pieixoto seems to doubt the testimony of Offred and he attempts to discredit her by claiming her not to have paid attention to the more important issues going on at the time.For the reader, it seems as though Pieixoto has not taken notice of what Offred chose to tell, a tale of throe and persecution within the regime, and this results in the reader feeling as though the professor is not only paying attention to the wrong things but is also belittling her story. Pieixotos version of Offred seems surprisingly inept in warmth, humour and the genuine human emotion expressed that the reader will have felt from translation Offreds testament and so ironically, as Offred had predicted, from the poi nt of view of history, well be invisible, Pieixoto has partly erased her from history.The narrative technique of the Historical Notes is entirely diverse to that of Offreds story, in foothold of both its form and language, and so the change in voice from the personal account by Offred to the rather generalised and removed version by Professor Pieixoto forces the reader to take a more moralistic view of what he or she has just read.The historical glance back at Gilead, what preceded it and what was happening in other parts of the world at the same time, has the effect of drawing the experience of Offred much closer to home for the reader. It is unsettling to learn that the Gileadean practices were based on real practices formerly or currently in existence and this serves as a warning by Atwood that the reality of Gilead is not as far away as it seemed when reading Offreds account.After the abrupt ending of the main text of the novel with its leap into the unknown, the epilogue foll ows and the Historical Notes are simultaneously a welcome objective explanation of the Gileadean society, a parody of academic conferences and offensive to the reader. The notes are a shock to the readers, as they have just gone through the emotional ups and downs of Offreds account, suffering her torments with her, and is therefore shocking, as intended by Atwood, to hear Offreds life discussed in front of an amused audience, joked about and treated as a quaint relic.The implication of the Historical Notes to the novel as a whole is that they provide an open ending for the journey which Atwood takes the reader on, allowing each reader to have a different interpretation on the fate of Offred and the other main characters of the novel. It is the last line of the novel, Are there any questions? that signals to the reader that the fate of Offred is debatable, and an ending like this causes the story to stay with the reader some time after finishing reading it, as the ending is left u p to the reader to decide upon.

An Analysis and Study of Information Systems with Their Related Terms and Concepts

An analysis and study of Information arrangements with their related terms and concepts Deepak Sharma Research Scholar ,Mewar university Rajasthan Mob. 9639916009 electronic mail emailprotected com Abhishek Singh Bhatanagar Student MCA, Subharti University Meerut Mob. 9897008522 E-mail emailprotected com Abstract This paper is written as a weapon to know about culture systems in depth. As tomorrows managers, entrepreneurs, or rail line specialists, clientele students expect to know how to use and manage study technology in todays networked enterprises and global markets.In this dynamic environment, they will rely on interconnected networks of information systems for end exploiter collaboration, including communications and computing among end user work groups and teams, and enterprise wide computing, including communications and information processing for business operations, managerial decision making, and strategic advantage. So this paper is a great assets in knowing abou t information system in brief. Keywords information, system ,management ,DSS ,TPS etc. 1. IntroductionAn Information System is whatsoever combination of information technology and peoples activities using that technology to support operations, management, and decision-making. In a very broad sense, the term information system is frequently utilize to refer to the interaction between people, algorithmic processes, data and technology. The focus of Info Systems is on the development of solutions for business problems rather than simply describing them. 1. 1 Functions (benefits) of information Systems 1. It helps in increasing employee productivity. . It Help users to become informations competent, that means find it easy to organise their information, search for information, analyze their information and using old information to create new information. 3. For providing better support to managers for effective decision making. 4. Information systems strongly focus on explaining empir ical phenomena of the real world. pic 1. 2 Categories of Information system 1. Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) 2. Decision Support Systems (DSS) 3. Expert Information Systems (EIS) . Management Information Systems (MIS 5. way Automation Systems (OAS) 1. 2. 1 Transaction Processing System It processes business deed of the organization. A Transaction Processing System or Transaction Processing Monitor is a set of information which process the data transaction in database system that monitors transaction programs Transaction foot be any activity of the organization. Transactions differ from organization to organization. For utilization, take a railway substitute system .Transaction processing systems provide speed and trueness, and can be programmed to follow routines functions of the organization 1. 2. 2Decision Support Systems (DSS) Decision Support Systems (DSS) are a specific var. of computerized information system that supports business and organizational decision-maki ng activities. A properly aspirationed DSS is an interactive software-based system intended to help decision makers compile useful information from raw data, documents, personal knowledge, and/or business models to identify and solve problems and make decisions.Typical information that a decision support application might gather and turn over would be Accessing tout ensemble of your current information assets, including legacy and relational data sources, cubes, data warehouses, and data marts Comparative sales figures between one week and the attached Projected revenue figures based on new product sales assumptions The consequences of different decision alternatives, given past experience in a scene that is described 1. 23 Expert information systemAn ripe information system with which a decision maker in the construction, or a related industry, can generate a decision record and related control instructions in a facile manner without significant omissions while ensuring t hat substantially all of the options available for making the decisions have been considered. The expert system includes a microcomputer which executes a system control program to select information units from the expertise of a data base and to concentrate individual information units until an entire decision record has been generated.The process is enhanced by a multiwindowed display which displays possible wefts from the expert data base while contrasting that data with data in another window having a list of data indicating the decisions or selections already made. A display pointer with a controllable position is employed to select lines and phrases of the expert information from that portion of the data base displayed in the selection window. The selection of such information causes the line or phrase from the data base, an information unit, to be transferred to the decision record and to the display of the selected decisions window. . 2. 4 Management information system (MIS) It is the organized approach to the study of information needs of a management at every level in making operational, tactical, and strategic decisions. Its objective is to design and implement man-machine procedures, processes, and routines that provide suitably detailed reports in an accurate, consistent, and timely manner. Modern, computerized systems continuously gather relevant data, both(prenominal) from inside and outside the organization.This data is then processed, integrated, and stored in a centralized database (or data warehouse) where it is constantly updated and made available to all who have the authority to access it, in a form that suits their figure. 1. 2. 5 Office automation system Office automation systems (OAS) are configurations of networked computer hardware and software. A variety of office automation systems are now applied to business and communication functions that used to be performed manually or in multiple locations of a company, such as preparing wr itten communications and strategic planning.In addition, functions that once compulsory coordinating the expertise of outside specialists in typesetting, printing, or electronic recording can now be integrated into the everyday work of an organization, saving both time and money. 2. Information systems for Business operations Business operations are those ongoing recurring activities involved in the running of a business for the purpose of producing value for the stakeholders. They are contrasted with project management, and consist of processes.The outcome of business operations is the harvesting of value from assets of a business. Assets can be physical or intangible. An object lesson of value derived from a physical asset like a building is rent. An example of value derived from an intangible asset like an idea is a royalty. The causal agent involved in harvesting this value is what constitutes business operations. Information technology plays a major role in reengineering bus iness processes.The speed, information processing power, and ease-of-use of groundbreaking computer hardware, software, and networks can dramatically increase the efficiency of business processes, and communications and collaboration among the people responsible for their operation and management. IT is a strategic requirement for straightaway product development and delivery. Information systems provide the information people need to support agile operations, as well as the information built into products and go 2. 1 Information system for strategic advantageInformation systems can be used to implement a variety of competitive strategies. These include the v basic competitive strategies (differentiation, cost, innovation, growth, alliance), as well as other ways that companies can use information systems strategically to gain a competitive edge. For example 1. Lower Costs 2. Differentiate 3. Innovate 4. Promote Growth 5. Develop Alliances 6. Improve quality and efficiency Concl usion So finally we can resolve that information system is a greatest tool by which our organization can take more and more liberties in future to achieve their goals.It increases the accuracy and reliability of information that is much needed by todays organizations. References 1. Definition of Application Landscape. Software Engineering for Business Information Systems (sebis). Jan 21, 2009. Retrieved January 14, 2011. 2. OBrien, J A. (2003). Introduction to information systems essentials for the e-business enterprise. McGraw-Hill, Boston, MA 3. Alter, S. The Work System Method Connecting People, Processes, and IT for Business Results. Works System Press, CA 4. www. google. com 5. www. sciencedaily. com 6. www. wikipedia. com picpicpic

Panasonic and Japans Changing Culture Essay

In lacquer in 1918 Konosuke Matsushita founded Matsushita Electric a consumer electronics company which is known today as Panasonic. Panasonic has offices in 58 different countries and is regarded as wholeness of the worlds largest electronics companies. (Panasonic, 2013)Panasonic alike many other Nipponese companies was established on a Confucian value system. The Confucian value system consists of three main elements reciprocal obligations, honesty and loyalty. These elements form a majority of traditional Japanese set. (Smits, 2010) Hofstede, regular though his take has been criticised, recognized some significant aspects of Japanese farming. These aspects included high uncertainty dodge, high masculinity and a swing towards collectivism. These aspects also contribute largely to traditional Japanese values. These values were represented in such policies as lifetime employ and generous retirement bonuses. (Hofstede, 2013)However cultures are dynamic, they transpose over time. The major respite in Japanese culture occurred during the 1990s, which was mainly attributed to the interchange in perspective of the generation born after 1964. This change was evident in 1999 when Panasonic gave its smart(a) employees a decision between different employment packages. The first package gave the employees a large retirement bonus, subsidised housing and services and company social events. The spot package gave the employees the same perks except kind of of a retirement bonus a larger starting salary. The third package gave the employees an even larger comfort starting salary however none of the other benefits. In contradiction to traditional values 41% of new employees chose the second package. (Hill, 2011) This shows a move extraneous from high uncertainty avoidance which was triggered by an sum up in average wealth and a move towards individualism.The primary criticism of this generation was their lack of trueness to traditional Japanese values in comparison with their parents. One of the to a greater extent perceptible changes was a switch from a collectivist culture to a more individual culture. (Hill, 2011) It has been theorised that in that location is a correlation between economic development and a diversify towards anindividualistic society. This theory correlates with the article which states that a cause for the shift is the fact that the generation born after 1964 grew up in an economically richer society. This shift also affected organisational loyalty in the form of people ever-changing jobs with greater frequency than ever before. (Reiner, 1991)This shift in the paradigm of Japanese cultural values has an effect on traditional values. The modernised value system in effect is polar opposite to traditional values which were achieved by a complete cultural shift. Which in turn insinuates that the further the culture evolves the less(prenominal) tradition is left in the value system, if trends current take a breat her constant. This shift in cultural dynamics changes the undercurrents of doing business in Japan. A major change is going to be retention of employees. This is due to the switch from collectivism to individualism and the decrease in personal identification based on company strata in conjunction with decreased company loyalty. The implication of this is companies are going to ca-ca to build their HR departments and find ways to lower employee turnover to reduce gentility costs. However if trends continue the average worker is going to have an increased understanding of a wide range of markets due to numerous career changes which pull up stakes firms access to a greater number of ideas to cope with increasingly dynamic business conditions. If companies want to optimise the new cultural principles of lowered uncertainty avoidance and the shift towards individualism they are going to have to encourage new product development and add funding to research and development. (Reid, 1999) Panasonic have already identify this and moving towards a greater number of policies in this area. Panasonic have also identified the lack of traditional aspects in the business environment and have utilize policies such as bonuses based on performance and the new employment package plans. (Hill, 2011) If uncertainty avoidance and individualism continue to increase to Western levels there may be an increase in start-up companies which would increase competition in the market and possibly decrease the market share of existing companies. These changes could also have been influenced by a greater presence of western culture within Japanese society. However there could be the adverse effect of decreased productivity attributed to a decrease in the number ofemployees having a personal identification with the company, decreased loyalty as salubrious as a move outside from reciprocal obligation and towards entitlement. This also works in the opposite direction and companies may not fee l loyalty or obligation to Japanese employees and instead off-shore operations to lower wage countries in order to increase margins. (Reid, 1999)Between 1986 and 1989 there was a rapid acceleration of asset prices in Japan. This also caused undisciplined credit expansion and money supply in addition with overheated economic activity. Due to speculation and overconfidence of asset prices, the asset prices began to drop in 1991 and collapsed by 1992. The asset bubble collapse lasted for more than 10 course of instructions and was generally referred to as the lost decade for Japan. This also led to economic doldrums and as result of lower net income Japanese families decided to pay off debts which caused a deflation spiral. (The Economist, 2010)Since these events the Japanese economy has struggled to recover. Even though recent decisions by the Japanese government has caused the Nikkei to recover slightly it is currently roughly a third of the value it was in 1990. Currently the cas h rate in Japan is 0% which means that changing monetary policy cannot increase GDP. This means that for Japan to obtain a substantial increase in GDP it has to increase its goods market. Japan has a debt to GDP ratio of 214% which is the highest in the world. (US CIA, 2013) Therefore an increase in consumption, investment or net exports is needed to advance Japans economy. Panasonic as well as a number of other companies have realised this and has moved to encourage individualism. Individualism encourages entrepreneurship which currently could boost the Japanese economy if successful new product development takes place. (Saito, 2000)The traditional Japanese culture was a benefit to Panasonic during the period of 1950 to 1980. A group orientated culture assisted with strong teamwork between employees allowing greater productivity within the workplace. Due to the element of reciprocal obligation in the Confucian value system policies such as lifetime employment and cheap housing were seen as gifts and in reciprocation of these gifts employees worked harder. Loyalty played a largepart in building strong business performance, this is because employees would stay in a business for the entirety of their career so they were able it learn all aspects of the business and better manage it. This amongst other factors also fly the coop to identification with the business by employees, instead of saying I am a web developer they would say I am from Panasonic. This identification encouraged employees to work harder so that their company would succeed. A high uncertainty avoidance allowed managers to only take a calculated risk when the needed to, which reduced the companies liabilities. (Strath, 1996)However even though the traditional Japanese culture was a benefit to Panasonic in the period of 1950 to 1980 it was a liability post 1989. Even though Confucian values encourage team work and other positive attributes it discourages individualism. During this time period due to the economic crisis in Japan Panasonic would if benefited more from an entrepreneurial drive towards new product development. A high uncertainty avoidance also meant that managers were not imparting to take risks unless they knew what the outcome was going to be, due to the economic pressures and heightened pace of change within the business community managers were less likely to change things in an environment where the only way to survive is change. During this time period business was worthy more dynamic due to globalisation and increased competitors which meant that Panasonic needed to change its strategy, however managers did not know how to do this because they had only ever worked in the one company and only knew one way of doing things. Panasonic alike other Japanese companies eventually had to lay people off and cut benefits due to economic conditions. These acts were seen as a dismissing employees loyalty and to a point betrayal due to the strong identification with the company which caused productivity changes. (Huffman, 1997)In the last financial year Panasonic recorded a loss of 754 billion dollars and forecasts a loss of 765 billion dollars next financial year. Even though there is no best culture for a business environment, Japanese companies including Panasonic are move towards integrating the current cultural changes into their practices in order to achieve greater efficiency andproductivity. The question is will Japanese culture continue along its current trends or do an about face? (Panasonic, 2013)ReferencesHill, Challes. 2011. Gobal Business Today. 7th Edition. McGraw-Hill. Pp 125-128 Hofstede, Greet. 2013. Japan Geert Hofstede. ONLINE procurable at http//geert-hofstede.com/japan.html. Accessed 24 August 2013. Huffman, James. 1997. Modern Japan An Encyclopedia of History, Culture, and Nationalism (Garland Reference Library of the Humanities). Edition. Routledge. The Economist (US). 2010. Japan syndrome, the future of Japan. ISSN 00 13-0613 Volume 397, Issue 8709, p. 18 Reiner, Thomas. 1991. Legacies and Ambiguities Postwar metaphor and Culture in West Germany and Japan. 1 Edition. Woodrow Wilson Center Press. Panasonic. 2013. Annual Report. ONLINE Available at http//panasonic.net/ir/annual/. Accessed 26 August 2013. Panasonic. 2013. Global Network Panasonic. ONLINE Available at http//www.panasonic.com/global/global-network.html. Accessed 22 August 2013. Reid, David. 1999. Changes in Japans Post-Bubble Business Environment Implications for Foreign-Afflilated Companies. Journal of International Marketing, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 38-63 Saito, Mitsuo. 2000. The Japanese Economy (Economic Ideas trail to the 21st Century). Edition. World Scientific Pub Co Inc. Smits, Gregory. 2010. Economic Thought in Early Modern Japan (Monies, Markets, and Finance in East Asia, 1600-1900). Edition. brill Academic Pub. Strath, Bo. 1996. The Organization of Labour Markets Modernity, Culture and Governance in Germany, Sweden, Britain a nd Japan (Routledge Explorations in Economic History). annotated edition Edition. Routledge. United States Central Intelligence Agency. 2013. The World Factbook, ordinary Debt. ONLINE Available at https//www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2186rank.html. Accessed 22 August 2013.

Business Rules Essay

Among opposite things, ready what they ar, main sources for them, why they are important, and what you would do with them. Include a brief explanation of what your corporation does and some of its important profession Rules. argument Rules, as defined by our textbook are a description of policies, procedures or principles of an organization written in a simple and concise format. These rules are used to create the necessary structure for which the organization will operate within. They cover every aspect of the Business and define even the most menial tasks. Customer interaction, how employees are hired, how products are developed and how products are shipped are some examples of Business Rules. The Business rules once they are defined are then able to be converted into selective informationbase entities, attributes, relationships and constraints.These items are then used in the database design for the company. From these entities and attributes relationships are created that c orrespond to the defined Business rules. Any rules that specifically name a person, place or thing will become attributes or entities in the database. Constraints are placed on the data to maintain the integrity and they are also derived from the Business rules. Examples of these are the days and times that the Business is open and how much an employee is allowed to make in a veritable job function. My company, Maquet, is an international medical supply company started in 1853. They began by making operating tables and operating room lamps. Today they make a encompassing gamut of products from complete operating rooms systems, to balloon pumps and other life-saving equipment.One of our quips is that if you see our equipment, you are really in trouble or youre a adulterate or a nurse. Since we design and manufacture medical supplies, we are regulated by the FDA and are under constant scrutiny and monitoring. Because of this constant monitoring we keep back to register and address any complaint about our equipment. We have to work on validated systems, our study on clean room access and other safety features are tracked and we keep emails going back to seven years. Some important Business Rules I believe we have are actually many of our constraints. For instance we have clean room training that postulates to be completed on a yearly basis. We must complete this training by a certain date to maintain compliance and to be able to enter a clean room and service the computer.We have rules that define how long we can take to respond to a ticket or how long we can keep a ticket open based on a certain status of low, medium or high. These Rules are in place to make sure we dont contaminate anything when we enter a clean room or we acknowledge and resolve issues in a timely manner. Business rules define the constructs with within an organization operates. They help show the guidelines that employees and managers need to function within to keep the Business succes sful. Business rules are beneficial to everyone as long as they are properly defined and in the go around interest of everyone.

Critque Essay

In the story The outgrowth, by Pensri Kiengsiri , a story that has a third persons point of view. The lecturer learns that Kamjorn, the scram of the kid, dont have much affection to Danu because Danu is a victim of polio which do Danu a crippled kid. Its conspiracy leads the reader into having a tactility of sympathy for the boy. And the storys setting, contributes well to the growing sympathy of the readers to Danu, as Kiengsiris treatment of timing cause the readers to anticipate a shocking things thats to unfold.The time at which The Operation is set introduces an element of tension between the parents. Kamjorn informed the readers that when he taught about going to Bangkok he first cute to see his best friend, rather to go to the hospital which is his main reason of going to Bangkok it is his mind strayed to other days in Bangkok, student days and to the old school mates, he would have a chance to look up. As the reader already knows that Kamjorn intends to device up wit h his old friends, the very point of reference of strayed to other days evokes the sense of a plan that give certainly make sadness to the boys feelings.The added suggestion of chance to look up introduces an atmosphere of uncertainty that planted to the readers mind is the notion that all is not normal and right to the world. The sense of uncertainty to Kamjorn that he will not go to his son and doesnt show to his son it is a big factor to his son operation. Just as the time in which The Operation is set infuses the story with an atmosphere of sadness, so do the physical surrounding in which the bulk of plot unfolds. When Kamjorn reached Bangkok, he went to meet his friend and to actually catch up with them.When his daughter havent seen any sign that either one of their parents arrived, she was worried and called to their house and somehow convinced her mother to travel. Both things added to the readers sense that theres something is not right and that something imminent is abou t to occur. This atmosphere of imminence increases as their mother went to the train and hasnt hear anything from her until the operation is almost finished an accident on an express trainfatalitiesThats the only address Kamjorns mind ever digested before he fainted. For it is only in the final conversation of the story. The imminence that happened to Kamjorns wife that caused him to faint. It has successfully concealed the true sense of Kamjorn tears last before he fainted. Hence, the manner Kiengsiri described the time and setting of The Operation serves to greatly enhance the effect of this tale upon the reader.In accompanying the storys characters into a world thet grows steady more gruesome at every turn, the readers feeling of sadness and foreboding increases, the reader is doubly troubled the disturbing revelation made in the storys final conversation. Kiengsiris use of setting and timing in this story mirrors the special effects employed in outstanding movies-effects that have the viewers wiping their tears, totally absorbed in plot and atmosphere. It is good that a 6 page short story can evoke with words the same response that movie makers use millions of dollars, efforts and truckloads of technology to create.

Chechen Refugee Camps and Education Essay

The creation of conditions is one of the leading ways to produce wish and stability in refugee camps. Many would extol to go to school because, currently they have no another(prenominal) option, but to teach themselves. Refugees can re describe having great memories of their past school experiences, which they use as motivation to continue to learn. On account of my involvement with a refugee relief organization, I have been assigned the job of creating schools in the Chechen refugee camps of Chechnya. The primary style of survival and daily focus for these refugees have been through humanitarian aid. That assistance is made up of shelter, clothing, food, and basic necessities. Securing those fundamental desiderata for the camps has been a priority for continued existence.The stairs for prosperous implementation of an education program are presented and discussed. When we look at successful communities, countries and cultivation, training is a key component to meet the immediat e needs of its members and project for languish term produceability and emergence for hereafter generations. According to Yusupov (2012), when lack of educational opportunities comes into play, the in truth heart and foundation of communities begins to crumble and the ability to nurture and deplete its residents is seriously at risk(p.1). Everyone has the ambition and potential to become better, but without an education at what point can they start. Three Topics I Would Like to repair Understand Before Beginning the ProjectThe final objective of the Chechens is to return to their country and homes day. It would be wise for the Russians and Chechens to make sure that everyone within the camp is very well educated so that they can be effective once they return home. It is important for the Chechens to be able to support their families, and that their children grow up educated, full-bodied community citizens without the threat of future displacement to refugeecamps. The growing of an education system in the refugee camps is an impressive yet intimidating task. For that reason, the three things that I would like to read before obligating me to this project are1) How long are the refugee camps offered as a necessary placement for the Chechens to be located in,2) How and when can I start compiling data on the education levels of all the refugees within the camp on the different subjects of reading, writing and math,3) How would I start to find out the mental wellness problems of those due to the harmtic change in environment and lose of identity,4) I would have to find suitable teachers, buildings, and who will be funding the program. Hopefully, there are suitable buildings because this will be another expense we would have to look at for funding purposes. Having a psychologist within the school would also help staggeringly because many students need the counseling. All of these items are needed in order to get things in order for the start of the project . Of course, there will be other things that I would like to better understand, but those will come up in the progress of the work. Ethnocentric Challenges That May Arise When Planning the Project in that location have been ongoing and unresolved issues among the Russians and Chechens for many years. According to DeWaal (2002), Russians believe that Islam has keeped a stronghold in Chechnya communities for many years(p.1). The fighting has coerced Chechens into refugee camps, while stressful to hold onto their cultures, traditions, and customs while surviving in very difficult conditions.With their surroundings already so violent and each group is trying to maintain their way of living, it creates frictions and ethnocentricity ways may arise. Culturally, it is known that Chechens is very ethnocentric. One of the ethnocentric challenges that I may encounter while planning the project is the attitudes of the Russians being so high because of the Chechens ethnocentrism. With all the work that I would have to do, am I able to give the dreams and desires to the consumers of the project.Is ethnocentrism such a challenge that it may inhibit the development of positive relationships between the Chechens and Russians to the point that the project would be in peril? With the school being such a positive influence in their community, I would have high hopes that they would agree to disagree and come to and understanding among each other. Many of the Chechens would be so happy that they have a place to call home they wouldnot worry about the animosity, but the Russians probably would not let down their guard to reconcile. Discussion of Types of Questions a Researcher Would AskAs the implementation plan for the development of an educational system in Chechen refugee camps begins to formulate, the types of questions I would ask are 1) For both the parents and children, what are your dreams and desires for when you return home, 2) What subjects in school do you like the mo st and which do you like the least, 3) For project design, given the large snatchs of refugees in camps, what is the most strategic way to design, implement and sustain an educational system, 4) Have attempts been made in the past to develop an educational system and, if so, what kept them from happening and becoming successful. Sukarieh and Tannock state that a large number of researchers and social service people visit the refugee camps, interviewed the residents, and rarely follow through on promises made (Sukarieh & Tannock, 2012).Finally, it is a key element to secure data and learning related to the levels of trauma and psychological stress of the children in the refugee camps in order to assess readiness for education, exams, and ability to learn. There have been both short and long term impact of trauma on refugee children, and the mental health of children in refugee camps (Rosseau, Measham, Nadeau, 2012). These same authors found that schools can be an impetus for change and partner in the psychological healing of traumatized children in refugee camps assisting in the detection of mental health issues because parents and other family members trust schools and teachers enough to disclose that type of personal information with them. inferenceSensitive introductory work must take place before the preliminary plan can be devised to develop, implement, and maintain an educational system in Chechen refugee camps. Many refugee residents have experienced a lack of educational opportunities for months or even years since their schools were destroyed by bombings and shellings oer the course of the two wars. Preparing the camp citizens for the educational experience, and revitalizing or developing the skill sets necessary for school success, will be a major verbal expression of the preliminary work of project development. Promises have beenmade and broken related to the possibility of bringing formal education to the refugee camps, bringing disappointment an d sadness to the lives of boylike children and parents alike.Camp residents are wary of any similar plans, but are welcoming and anxious to have education available for anyone who desires to participate. It is necessary to know more than about the promises made and broken by camp visitors, in order to begin to build trust and confidence that I can execute this plan for the refugees. Becoming immersed in the daily life, schedules and activities of the refugee camp residents will begin to build trust, and afford opportunities for discussion and gathering of data. At that time, it will be critical to function key refugee camp leaders in the discussion, planning and development of the camps so they begin to take ownership in the project and create the impetus for hope and stability amongst the refugees. Accomplishing all these goals would allow my project to become a success and give Chechens refugee camps the ability to learn and become successful.ReferencesDe Waal, T. (2002). Greet ings from Gozny. Fighting for Chechnya Is Islam a factor? Retrieved from http//www.pbs.org/wnet/wideangle/episodes/greetings-from-grozny/fighting-for-chechnya-is-islam-a-factor/3078/ Rousseau, C., Measham, T., & Nadeau, L. (2012). Addressing trauma in collaborative mental health care for refugee children. Retrieved from http//ccp.sagepub.com/ glut/18/1/121 Sukarieh, M. & Tannock, S. (2012). On the problem of over-researched communities The case of the Shatila Palestinian Refugee Camp in Lebanon. Retrieved from http//soc.sagepub.com/content/47/3/494 Yusupov, M. (2012). The social situation in the Chechen Republic Problems and trends. Retrieved from http//www.saferworld.org.uk/downloads/

Discussion About Multimeter Essay

Discussion.1. When we want to measure voltage interpretation, the multimeter mustiness be pair with the component that we want to measured. The red on the high voltage side, and black on the lower. When measuring current, amperes, the multimeter must be in series with the component. Remove one side of the component and connect the black multimeter path to the board where the component was plugged in and the red lead connects to the loose component.The difference between the two is that if we measure the voltage, the internal resistance of the multimeter is set to what is essentially infinity. If it was anything less then it would be acting as a resistor and drawing its own current which would reduce the current on the component organism tested, which would in turn reduce the voltage interlingual rendition we get.When we measured current, the internal resistance of the multimeter is set to approximately 0. This is to ensure that it does not contribute to the resistance of the s eries it is in. Increasing the resistance of a series of components nooky ca enjoyment current further upstream to flow into other branches which throws off our current reading.In short, for voltage tests the mm is displace in parallel with the components and acts as an open line to overhear a reading. For current readings the multimeter is placed in series with the component and it acts as a simple piece of wire with zero resistance.2. in that location ar many types of flaws that maybe encountered in the measurement process and measures to minimize it. For examples random error, systematic error and gross error are static error(i) random errorsRandom errors are ones that are easier to diffuse with because they cause the measurements to fluctuate around the unfeigned value. If we are trying to measure some parameter X, great random errors cause a greater dispersion of values, but the mean of X still represents the true value for that instrument.(ii) systematic errorA system atic error can be more tricky to track down and is often unknown. This error is often called a bias in the measurement. In alchemy a teacher tells the student to read the volume of liquid in a graduated piston chamber by looking at the meniscus. A student may make an error by reading the volume by looking at the liquid level near the edge of the glass. Thus this student will always be off by a certain amount for every reading he makes. Systematic error can be classed by three different error such(prenominal) as -instrument error-environment error-observational error(iii) gross errorGross error is usually do by human mistakes. As example, error when taking measurement reading, incorrect recording and improper use of instrumentation. We can minimize this error by taking at least three separate readings and take proper care in reading and recording.3. The significance of using the correct range for measurement are to get the more accurate and precise reading and to reduce the perce ntage of error when taking a reading.

A History of African Music Essay

Music prove African medicament roots start in every aspect of society. Their culture is formed from there environment hunting but mostly on their tradition. Their music reflects this not only is it entertaining it serves as a way to pass knowledge and stories to the next generation. African music has a variety of antithetical instruments that they use throughout their songs. Music in African culture also has very strong spiritual and religious meanings. The recent history of African musical influence has played a large air division in encouraging the current trend toward African musical appreciation.During the 1950s, when the Africans experienced rapid urbanization and a relatively booming economy, the two French-speaking colonies of the Congo area witnessed the birth of an African version of the Cuban rumba played by small American-style orchestras. Some artists that are African are Afro-National, Khaled Agag, Eric Agyeman, and Mahmoud Ahmed. separate than development their v oices, which has been developed to use various techniques, they use a wide array of musical instruments are used. African musical instruments include a wide range of drums, slit gongs, rattles, double bells, and melodic instruments including string instruments.Other percussion instruments include many rattles and shakers, such as the kosika, rain stick, bells and wood sticks. Also, Africa has slews of other types of drums, and lots of flutes, and lots of stringed and wind instruments. The traditional tribal African music has deep meaning in its lyrics on with its rhythm and beat, its lyrics often tell of struggles, religion, and day to day life. The Africans would perform rituals to try to please the gods, these rituals would include music made by the high priest the instruments used would be tribal drums and a rain stick. The lyrics would be similar to Christian hymns in our modern culture

Omaha Beach Invasion

Early break of the day hours on June 6, 1944, paratroopers from the British 1st Airborne Division silently dropped and drifted towards the Pegasus Bridge, one of the few bridges that conduct everyplace the Seine towards Normandy. Moments later, they stormed the bridge with heavy casualties. The Allied intrusion of Hitlers Fortress Europe has just begun (Dube, 2005).On those hours, lantern-equipped pathfinders dropped all in all over the Cotentin Peninsula. Alone and unaided, they were dropped to mark the way for the thousands of men coming in behind them.At dawn, the sea invasion began as an Allied Armada disgorged thousands of military personnel at five shorees along Frances Normandy coast. Allied obliges stormed the shores and battled the German defenses in a fight that would go down as the Longest Day in history.The beachs terrain turn out to be an important factor in the assault (Lewis 2000). Its crescent form is bounded at all end by rocky lessenings and its tidal st adium is gently sloping. At the western end the shingle bank rested against a stone, which fades further into wood, resembles a sea wall which ranged from 4 feet to12 feet in height. penetrative bluffs then raised senior high school up to 170 feet, dominating the whole beach and cut into by small wooded valleys.The Germans, earlier anticipating for an attack in the beachheads, constructed three lines of obstacles in the water. This consisted of Belgian Gates with mines lashed to the uprights, logs goaded into the sand pointing seaward and hedgehogs installed 130 yards from the shoreline. The area between the shingle bank and the bluffs was both wired and exploit with the latter also scattered on the bluff slopes (Gerrard, Bujeiro and Zaloga, 2003).Their troops were concentrated mostly around the entrances to the draws and protected by minefields and wire (Dube, 2005). Each bunker was interconnected by trenches and tunnels. Machine guns, light triggerman pieces and anti-tank gun s holy the disposition of artillery targeting the beach. No area of the beach was left uncovered, and the disposition of weapons meant that flanking fire could be brought to book anywhere along the beach.The Allied forces plan of attack includes dividing the Omaha beach into ten sectors. The assault landings were to start at 0630, which was coined as the H-Hour. Before that, the beach defenses will be bombarded by naval and aerial support forces. The objective lens was for the beach defenses to be exculpated two hours after assault. By the end of the day the forces at Omaha were to make established a bridgehead five miles deep into the enemy territory. To execute this plan the Omaha assault force totaled 34,000 men and 3,300 vehicles with naval support provided by 2 battleships, 3 cruisers, 12 destroyers and 105 otherwise ships (Vat and Eisenhower, 2003).However, during the initial attack, nothing went according to plan (Lewis, 2000). Ten of the landing trade winds have gone astray forward they reached the beach and some were flooded by the rough seas. some had even sunk. Smoke and mist hinders the gliding of the assault crafts while a heavy current served to push them to the east. The initial bombardment proved to be ineffective. Their mark fell too far inland, thus they hardly touched the coastal defenses. When the landing craft came closer to the shore, the were under increasingly heavy fire from automatic weapons and artilleryWith the failure of the initial assault, a back one started coming ashore about two hours later. Their mission was to bring in reinforcements, support weapons and headquarter elements. Some relief against the mostly unsuppressed enemy fire was gained simply because with more troops landing the submersion of fire was spread more about the many targets avail adequate (Dube, 2005). The survivors among the initial forces were not however able to give much covering fire and the landing troops still suffered in places the same h igh casualty rates as those in the counterbalance wave. The failure to clear sufficient paths through the beach obstacles added to the difficulties of the second wave now that the tide was beginning to cover those obstacles. The loss of landing craft as they hit these defenses before they reached the shore began to contri howevere in the rate of attrition. As in the initial landings, soaring is still difficult and the disturbing miss-landings continued to upset the Allied forces.From the Germans vantage point, at Pointe de la Percee, which is overlooking the entire beach, the assault seemed to have been stopped at the beach. An officer there historied that troops were seeking cover behind obstacles and counted ten tanks burning. However, casualties among their defenders were mounting, chiefly as a result of the consort naval fire. At the same time they were also requesting reinforcement, but their request could not be met because the lieu elsewhere in Normandy was becoming more urgent for the defenders (Dube, 2005).As the battle progresses, events of the landing were starting to influence the abutting phase of the battle. The draws, which would serve as the pathway from the beaches to the inner territory, remained strongly concentrated by the defenders. The allies necessary to go through these draws to achieve their main target for the day. Also, the issue of leadership began becoming a problem. Miss-landings and blunders in the original plan caused disorganization, and communication between units was compromised (Lewis, 2000).Despite the apparent disadvantage of the Allied forces position, continual waves of landings and naval artillery support eventually weakened the German defense.By early afternoon the strong point guarding the draw at Vierville was silenced by the navy, but without enough force on the ground to mop up the stay defenders the exit could not be opened (Dube, 2005). Traffic was eventually able to use this route by nightfall, and the sur viving tanks of the tank battalion spent the night near Vierville. The advance of the initial assault teams cleared away the last remnants of the force defending the draws. When engineers cut a road up the western gradient of this draw, it became the main route inland off the beaches. With the congestion on the beaches thus relieved, they were re-opened for the landing of vehicles.After the inland infiltration, clashes pushed the handgrip out barely a mile and a half deep in the enemy area to the east, and the whole beachhead remained under artillery fire. In the evening, the Allies completed the planned landing of infantry, although but losses in equipment were high, because of bad sea conditions. Of the 2,400 tons of supplies scheduled to be landed on D-Day, solely vitamin C tons was actually landed. Casualties were estimated at 3,000 killed, wounded and missing. The heaviest casualties were taken by the infantry tanks and engineers in the first landings. The Germans suffered 1 ,200 killed, wounded and missing. On the second day, the engineers constructed the first airfield to be built after D-Day, on the cliff near St. Laurent, and this was used by the Ninth Air Force to support the ground troops as, over the next two days, they accomplished the original D-Day objectives (Lewis, 2000).The complete invasion had not been materialized yet, and the objectives of the D-Day were not achieved. Hundreds of Allied troops are still coming, fighting is ominous, and both sides are unprepared. The D-Day, the Longest Day has ended, but the war on Liberation has just begun.ReferencesAdrian R. Lewis 2000, Omaha Beach A Flawed Victory, December 3, 2000Alan Dube 2005, A Navy Soldier on Omaha Beach, August 15, 2005Dan van der Vat and John S. D. Eisenhower 2003, D-Day The Greatest Invasion A Peoples History, by November 15, 2003Howard Gerrard, Ramiro Bujeiro, and Steven J. Zaloga 2003, Campaign 100 D-Day 1944 at Omaha Beach, July 23, 2003

Jessie Pope Essay

Jessie pontiff was a journalist who wrote recruitment verse forms for the quotidian Mail during the First World War. The poems she did lay aside were positive propaganda poems for the state of contend her objective was to energize patriotism in the readers so that the men would join the forces. pope wrote a persuasive poem where she compared warfare to a plump for. This is illustrated in the human activity Whos for the peppy? It shows that her posture to war was that it was a great risky event that every unmatched should relieve oneself part in one flair or another. The title is a mindless and punchy question inviting anyone to answer. This gives the defective impression of the war, it is misleading and Jessie pope both intentionally or mistakably. pope was ridiculed for doing this, save if she did write the echt reality of war, no one would very want to join, accordingly the aim of the poem would not be fulfilled and the British army would oblige no mishap o f wining in the war.Stanza one begins again by referring to the war as a adventure for the above land and also emphasises that it is the biggest wager ever known, war is not a second where you may eject points further where it is give carely to loose a sleeve or loose your life. By her saw war it the game, the biggest thats played, Jessie Pope gives a false notion in the first line and makes war sound scarce when clearly it is not. The game is then repeat to enforce excitement even more. Pope goes on to have in mind it could be a violent game, appealing to the masculine instinct whilst there is a comparison among the red crashing game and the red seam shed in war, she makes it seem like a encase match.Jessie Pope continues to prime the poem on a game by stating Wholl entrap and tackle the demarcation unafraid? This shows that Popes prospect on the war was it was not for cowards exactly men who exit fight for their coarse and protect their families in every w ay they can. This is compared to a game like rugby, which was a popular amuse amongst men at this time, whilst meaning who will rise essie Pope was a journalist who wrote recruitment poems for the Daily Mail during the First World War. The poems she did write were positive propaganda poems for the war her objective was to stimulate patriotism in the readers so that the men would join the forces. Pope wrote a persuasive poem where she compared war to a game. This is illustrated in the titleWhos for the game? It shows that her attitude to war was that it was a great big event that everyone should take part in one way or another. The title is a short and punchy question inviting anyone to answer. This gives the wrong impression of the war, it is misleading and Jessie Pope either intentionally or mistakably. Pope was ridiculed for doing this, but if she did write the actual reality of war, no one would really want to join, therefore the aim of the poem would not be fulfilled and the B ritish army would have no chance of wining in the war.Stanza one begins again by referring to the war as a game for the above reason and also emphasises that it is the biggest game ever known, war is not a game where you may loose points but where it is likely to loose a limb or loose your life. By her saying war it the game, the biggest thats played, Jessie Pope gives a false notion in the first line and makes war sound remarkable when clearly it is not. The game is then repeated to enforce excitement even more. Pope goes on to imply it could be a violent game, appealing to the masculine instinct whilst there is a comparison between the red crashing game and the red blood shed in war, she makes it seem like a boxing match.Jessie Pope continues to base the poem on a game by stating Wholl grip and tackle the job unafraid? This shows that Popes outlook on the war was it was not for cowards but men who will fight for their country and protect their families in every way they can. This is compared to a game like rugby, which was a popular sport amongst men at this time, whilst meaning who will rise essie Pope was a journalist who wrote recruitment poems for the Daily Mail during the First World War. The poems she did write were positive propaganda poems for the war her objective was to stimulate patriotism in the readers so that the men would join the forces. Pope wrote a persuasive poem where she compared war to a game. This is illustrated in the title Whos for the game? It shows that her attitude to war was that it was a great big event that everyone should take part in one way or another. The title is a short and punchy question inviting anyone to answer. This gives the wrong impression of the war, it is misleading and Jessie Pope either intentionally or mistakably. Pope was ridiculed for doing this, but if shedid write the actual reality of war, no one would really want to join, therefore the aim of the poem would not be fulfilled and the British army would h ave no chance of wining in the war.Stanza one begins again by referring to the war as a game for the above reason and also emphasises that it is the biggest game ever known, war is not a game where you may loose points but where it is likely to loose a limb or loose your life. By her saying war it the game, the biggest thats played, Jessie Pope gives a false notion in the first line and makes war sound remarkable when clearly it is not. The game is then repeated to enforce excitement even more. Pope goes on to imply it could be a violent game, appealing to the masculine instinct whilst there is a comparison between the red crashing game and the red blood shed in war, she makes it seem like a boxing match.Jessie Pope continues to base the poem on a game by stating Wholl grip and tackle the job unafraid? This shows that Popes outlook on the war was it was not for cowards but men who will fight for their country and protect their families in every way they can. This is compared to a ga me like rugby, which was a popular sport amongst men at this time, whilst meaning who will rise essie Pope was a journalist who wrote recruitment poems for the Daily Mail during the First World War. The poems she did write were positive propaganda poems for the war her objective was to stimulate patriotism in the readers so that the men would join the forces. Pope wrote a persuasive poem where she compared war to a game. This is illustrated in the title Whos for the game? It shows that her attitude to war was that it was a great big event that everyone should take part in one way or another. The title is a short and punchy question inviting anyone to answer. This gives the wrong impression of the war, it is misleading and Jessie Pope either intentionally or mistakably. Pope was ridiculed for doing this, but if she did write the actual reality of war, no one would really want to join, therefore the aim of the poem would not be fulfilled and the British army would have no chance of w ining in the war.Stanza one begins again by referring to the war as a game for the abovereason and also emphasises that it is the biggest game ever known, war is not a game where you may loose points but where it is likely to loose a limb or loose your life. By her saying war it the game, the biggest thats played, Jessie Pope gives a false notion in the first line and makes war sound remarkable when clearly it is not. The game is then repeated to enforce excitement even more. Pope goes on to imply it could be a violent game, appealing to the masculine instinct whilst there is a comparison between the red crashing game and the red blood shed in war, she makes it seem like a boxing match.Jessie Pope continues to base the poem on a game by stating Wholl grip and tackle the job unafraid? This shows that Popes outlook on the war was it was not for cowards but men who will fight for their country and protect their families in every way they can.

Why I’M Proud to Be an American

America the Great I am steep to live in America, the earthly concern of the free, home of the brave. We have the freedom to vote, practice the religion of our choice, babble freely, and freely share our thoughts or ideas throught the press. I also love how we are such a diverse nation. There are several(prenominal) reasons why I believe America is a great acres to live in. If you are an Ameri mass citezen every(prenominal)where eighteen, you have the right to vote. I think it is important to everyow citezens to vote because it allows them to have a presuppose in our g everyplacement, whether youre rich, poor, assorted cultures, or religions.Our ballot rights are a given as an Ameri empennage citezen. Our citezens voting influences laws, leaders, and other important matters. The freedoms our soldiers have fought for, including voting, are still just as important directly as it was more years ago. These rights serve as a very important matter in our country, and every citez en should be grateful for having them. We have the right to speak freely and say anything we want without acquiring punished. We can express our selves everyday and be proud. Another way we can express our individualism is throught the press. We can speak up about the truth, through speach and press.Another reason I am proud of my country is because of innovation of culture, opinion, and race. The United States of America is sometimes considered the melting pot of the world. It has that nickname because a variety of people from all over the world have come to America to have equality. America has equality because people with different cultures, opinions,style, race, and many more, are not judged unfairly or treated differentally from other people. The past moves the future. I am proud of what has happened in the past, whats happening now, and what will happen in our countrys future.Why IM majestic to Be an AmericanAmerica the Great I am proud to live in America, the land of the fr ee, home of the brave. We have the freedom to vote, practice the religion of our choice, speak freely, and freely share our thoughts or ideas throught the press. I also love how we are such a diverse nation. There are several reasons why I believe America is a great country to live in. If you are an American citezen over eighteen, you have the right to vote. I think it is important to allow citezens to vote because it allows them to have a say in our goverment, whether youre rich, poor, different cultures, or religions.Our voting rights are a given as an American citezen. Our citezens voting influences laws, leaders, and other important matters. The freedoms our soldiers have fought for, including voting, are still just as important today as it was many years ago. These rights serve as a very important matter in our country, and every citezen should be grateful for having them. We have the right to speak freely and say anything we want without getting punished. We can express our se lves everyday and be proud. Another way we can express our individualism is throught the press. We can speak up about the truth, through speach and press.Another reason I am proud of my country is because of diversity of culture, opinion, and race. The United States of America is sometimes considered the melting pot of the world. It has that nickname because a variety of people from all over the world have come to America to have equality. America has equality because people with different cultures, opinions,style, race, and many more, are not judged unfairly or treated differentally from other people. The past moves the future. I am proud of what has happened in the past, whats happening now, and what will happen in our countrys future.

Position paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Position paper - Essay ExampleAccording to the Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) and National Collaborating decoct for Nursing and Supportive C be (Great Britain) (2006), the venues with the highest probability of violence in hospitals include the emergency departments, facilities of psychiatry, home offices, hush-hush push throughpatient offices, forensic settings, mental health community, outpatients clinics, and general hospitals. Patients violence to the nurses takes many forms. According to Conroy and Murrie, (2007), they include physical curse, threats, stalking, giddy lawsuits, scurrilous and false accusations, complaints to licensure medical boards, vandalism, excessive or abusive letters and phone calls, obscene or threatening mails, loitering, trespassing, home visits and drive-by, and display of knowing of the personal life of the nurse. Many cases are being describe on violent crimes such as rape, assaults and homicides, especially in the emergency departme nts and the psychiatry facilities with nurses as the master(prenominal) targets (Tardiff, 1999). Statistical research Patients violence against nurses has been a thorny rationalise in the health sector. Eichelman and Hartwig (1995) give an overview of the issue when they document the survey done by the American Nurses Association. From the survey, the numbers of registered nurses who have account cases of assault by the patients were 34%. This represented a rise in assault from 25 % in the yr 2001. Results that are more shocking indicate that from the government statistics, eight nurses were reported killed in the work place from the year 2003 to the year 2009. In addition to that, 2050 more incidences were reported by the nurses and involved violent assault and harassment (Eichelman & Hartwig, 1995). Similarly, the report of Bureau of Labor Statistics of 2006 indicates that 60% of the assaults in work place took place in the healthcare, and nearly of them were because of the p atients violence towards nurses (Crichton, 1995). Moreover, the healthcare support occupations had a 20.4% injury rate collectable to assaults magic spell healthcare practitioners had a 6.1% rate. These are just the results from the reported cases, and this figure could be larger if underreporting from the nurses, probably due to the perception that assaults forms part of work in the nursing profession, could be minimized (Babich, 1981). My argument from these statistics is that nurses and healthcare practitioners in the health profession face an acute problem which is underrated but affects their performance in their bid to comport services to the patients. Richter and Whittington (2006) further validate the issue of the patient violence when they point out that nurses in the hospital emergency departments discover the highest rate of physical assault. Furthermore, Richter and Whittington (2006) observe that 28% of nurses working in the emergency departments reported that they have been victims of physical assault for the past one year. Violence in Emergency Departments In the hospital set up, patient violence to the nurses is a great issue that needs to be discussed soberly. Eichelman and Hartwig (1995) point out that the studies conducted by many bodies indicate that the nurses and other healthcare professional assigned in the emergency departments experience the highest level of violence from patients. This is because evaluation and treatment of the violent high-risk patients are initially

Is the U.S. seeking to contain China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Is the U.S. Seeking to Contain China - bear witness ExampleSuch moves are seen as a threat to the security and stability of the region and a deliberate attempt by China to assert its power over its neighbors. This action prompted the U.S to construct an seaward alliance with other war machine forces in the eastern and southern borders of China such as japan and South Korea. The U.S also formed the SEATO and ANZUS treaties which linked up countries such as Thailand, Philippines, Australia and New Zealand as its affiliate in the period between 1949 and 1969. It maintained military bases in these regions and also went to the extent of encouraging them to cease from entering into diplomatic ties with China.However, over the years the Chinese have managed to create a coalition with somewhat of its neighbors who are dedicated to containing Chinese power. Notably, these coalition partners include South Korea, Vietnam, and the Philippines all of whom previously were U.S allies. This is some circles merchantman be viewed as a deliberate move by the Chinese government to move into the district previously occupied by the Americans. Such moves are tho fuelling tensions of the intentions of such a quest for power and dominance by China. Furthermore, the Chinese constant threats to Japan over the island dispute amid the already heightened tensions created by its military forces are not helping the situation. These islands called Diaoyo by the Chinese and Senkaku by the Japanese has ushered in a red-hot rise to probable aggressions and security instability especially considering Chinas firm stand on the subject. These threats to Japan further escalated when the Chines targeted a Japanese ship with its weapons radar, a situation that did not go unmentioned when Japans prime minister issued a stern response terming that move as dangerous.

Mrs. Fields Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mrs. field - Case Study ExampleHowever, the main suit behind the dramatic success of the Mrs. Fields Cookies was its exceptional management philosophy and management learning systems (Richman(a)). In the process excessive international expansion, Randy and Debbi, made sure that they pose control over all told branches and were not in favor of franchising the outlets. According to them, franchising would fall in resulted in hurting their management philosophy and tincture of business (Richman, 5). Debbi believed in guiding the employees with example and regularly visited its neckcloths in this regard. Management information system of the Mrs. Fields Cookies was designed in order to keep control over all terminuss and to provide the required information to all store managers in order to plight better decisions. Information systems at each store helped the managers in the process of taking important daily operational decisions (Richman, 6). Hence, less autonomy is given to the store managers and employees. On the other hand, LPB had completely different management practices and philosophy. The store managers and employees of LPB were provided with the required autonomy and freedom to take important decisions regarding day to day operations at the bakery. Apart from this, LPB does not bear the carefully and modishly build information system. Randy and Debbi were not able to understand these differences and modify the information system fit in to the new requirements, which in turn resulted in losses after the encyclopaedism of the LPB by the Fields. INTIAL ACTIONS OF FIELDS UPON getting LPB AND ITS ANALYSIS The first most action taken by the Fields upon the acquisition of the La Pettie Boulangerie (LPE) was the lessening of the general staff of the bakery chain. The administrative staff was reduced to 3 from 53 (Richman, 9). The reason provided by the Fields for this was that all overhead activities and tasks were integrated with the existing manage ment structure and organization, this includes several important tasks alike(p) human resources, finance, training and several other. The three people kept belonged to operations and research and development department (Richman, 9). This step of reducing the staff and merging overhead functions with existing organization allowed to cut down the overall cost of operations. Apart from this, integration of the operations and reduction of staff was supportive to the management practices of Debbi and Randy and they could have gain more control. Although, this decision was taken by the Fields in order to manage the acquisition more effectively and efficiently but at the same time this decision would have resulted in resistance on part of the store manager and other employees of the LPB. The decision of reducing the staff would have discouraged and de-motivated the employees and at the same time the level of trust over the new management would have reduced. SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES B ETWEEN THE FIELDS AND LA PETTIE BOULANGERIE Debi and Randy were of the view that La Pettie Boulangerie (LPB) was similar to their own business. However, it was important to grant first that the similarity between both businesses was only limited to the type of industry in which they were operating, as the products were related to each other. Debi and Randy wanted to enter into a whole new segment in the bakery industry and for this purpose acquired La Pettie Boulang